Mosambies (Sweet Lemon) are sweet oranges grown for its pulp and juice. Commercial cultivation of mosambi yields a good result under ideal cultivation practices. Mosambi is the 3rd largest fruit produced in India. The mosambi tree can grow up to a height of 20 to 25 feet. The branches of these trees are relatively smooth, brownish-grey bark.
Mosambi flowers are white and they spread an aromatic fragrance. Usually, mosambi fruits are green and they become light yellowish on ripening.
Climate Required
For commercial cultivation of mosambi, a dry climatic condition with about 60 to 75 cm of rainfall from June to September is required. Mosambies are also suitable to be cultivated during summer and winter seasons.
Mosambi plants are able to sustain in well-drained red soils or loamy soils. The soil pH preferred is 6.5 to 7.5 for its optimal growth and higher yields. If you are planning to cultivate Mosambi on large scale, it is recommended to carry out a soil test. Mosambi plants are sensitive to water-logging, which causes root rot diseases in plants. So a well suitable drainage system should be adopted.
Propagation
Mosambi propagates during their budding stage. The root-stock raised in nurseries is later transplanted to the main field.
Irrigation
Watering should be done immediately after planting the saplings, which helps in proper root establishments. The frequency of irrigation depends on climatic conditions, the variety of the plant, and the soil type. We should ensure good soil moisture at the plant base.
In winter, irrigation should be carried out for every 3 to 4 days and in summer, every alternate day. Try to avoid excess irrigation as these plants cannot tolerate water-logging. Drip irrigation system is recommended for best yields and plant growth. A subsidy would be available for drip irrigation system from the local horticulture department.
Pruning Operations
Pruning is the process of removing unwanted leaves/branches/stems. Pruning is done for straight growth and to form a strong framework of the plant. For proper growth of the trunk, remove the shoots in 50 cm to 60 cm near ground level. Centre of the mosambi plant should remain open. Make sure to remove water suckers at early stages of plant growth.
Harvesting
Mosambi plant starts flowering after 3 years of plantation. These flowerings should be removed for better and string fruiting for next year. We could expect yield from the 4th year of plantation. Manual harvesting of these fruits can be facilitated using a sharp sickle. Two harvest seasons are available in a year, April to May and August to September. Usually, mosambi fruit turns green to light yellowish colour on attaining maturity. Pluck the fruits before they are fully ripe.
Yield
Yield depends on soil type, variety, irrigation, plant age, season and other crop management practices. Commercial yield is expected only after the 4th year of plantation. Initially, we can get 60 kg/plant or 5 tonnes/acre. After the 5th year, yield increases to 100 kg/plant or 9 tonnes /acre. The yield reaches its peak after 10 years. The economical lifespan of mosambi is about 20 years. The yield decreases gradually when the plant reaches its last few years of lifespan.
Post Harvesting
Harvested Mosambi fruits should be cleaned, graded (on size and colour), packed and transported to the local fruit markets. These fruits can be sold in both wholesale and retail markets. They are also sold to different fruit selling agents.